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Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a decreased ability to think and learn. It’s caused by a problem with how the brain works.

The diagnosis is based on intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and a child's learning problems.

The disability can range from mild to severe. People who have intellectual disability may have a hard time with:

  • Learning, especially complex tasks.
  • Language.
  • Self-care (in cases of severe intellectual disability).

Last Revised: April 3, 2012

Author: Healthwise Staff

Medical Review: John Pope, MD - Pediatrics & Fred Volkmar, MD - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

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